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Thursday, August 27, 2015

Number of Ethiopians needing food aid surges to 4.5 million after failed rains | Reuters




The number of Ethiopians who will need food aid by the end of this year has surged by more than 1.5 million from earlier estimates due to failed rains, United Nations agencies said on Monday.

Ethiopia needs an extra $230 million from donors to secure aid for a total of 4.5 million people now projected to require assistance this year, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), the World Food Programme (WFP) and the U.N. children's agency UNICEF said in a statement.
The country of 96 million people is one of Africa's fastest-growing economies, but failed rains have devastating consequences for food supplies.
"The belg rains were much worse than the National Meteorology Agency predicted at the beginning of the year. Food insecurity increased and malnutrition rose as a result," said David Del Conte, UNOCHA's acting head of office in Ethiopia, referring to the short, seasonal rainy season that stretched from February to April.
Areas normally producing surplus food in the Horn of Africa country's central Oromia region were also affected by shortages, the statement said, adding lack of water had decreased livestock production and caused livestock deaths in other pastoralist areas. 
Meteorologists have warned that the El Nino weather phenomenon, marked by a warming of sea-surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean, is now well established and continues to strengthen. Models indicate that sea-surface temperature anomalies in the central Pacific Ocean are set to climb to the highest in 19 years.
The El Nino can lead to scorching weather across Asia and east Africa but heavy rains and floods in South America.
The United Nations cautioned that the anomaly could further affect Ethiopia's "kiremt" rains that stretch from June to September.
"A failed belg followed by a poor kiremt season means that challenges could continue into next year," said John Aylieff, WFP's Ethiopia representative.
(Reporting by Aaron Maasho; Editing by George Obulutsa and Jan Lopatka)
Posted by Prof Muse Tegegne at 6:16 AM
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Tuesday, August 25, 2015

The Cause of Ethiopia's Recurrent Famine Is Not Drought, It Is Authoritarianism | Dawit Ayele Haylemariam

Dawit Ayele Haylemariam Become a fan 
A concerned Citizen and Graduate Student of Political Science at University of PassauShare


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Twenty years ago one Ethiopian Diaspora in Washington asked the late Prime minister Meles Zenawi what his vision for the country was. A rather polite and amiable Meles outlined his vision in a very human centered way. He said he hopes that in ten years every Ethiopian will have enough to eat three times a day and after 20 years Ethiopians will not only have enough food but they will also have the luxury of choosing what they eat.
Here we are now. Three years have passed since Meles died in office after 21 years in power. Once again Ethiopia's food crisis is topping the headline. As seasonal rain fails in Eastern and Southern parts of the country, famine is threatening millions of Ethiopians. The UN estimates over 10 million are in need of emergency food aid.
Why is famine and hunger so common in Ethiopia?
Many experts relate Ethiopia's cyclical famine with the country's dependence on Rainfed smallholder agriculture, drought, rapid population growth or agricultural market dysfunctions. Although these factors do have significant role in the matter, they tend to hide the critical cause of hunger in the country - lack of rights and accountable government.
Nobel Prize winner and economist Amartya Sen has extensively analyzed the relationship between democracy and famine in his book Development as Freedom. Sen argues democracies don't have famines, only authoritarian systems do. Famine tend to happen in places where the victims are oppressed by dictators.
A historical investigation of famine also identified 30 major famines during the 20th century. All happened in countries led by autocratic rule or that were under armed conflict, four being in Ethiopia.
Why does autocracy lead to famine? The most fundamental reason is that autocrats often don't care enough about the population to prevent famine. Autocrats maintain power through force, not popular approval. This argument has been proven true in the case of Ethiopia.
During 1983-1985 the worst famine in the country's history had led to more than 400,000 deaths. Extensive investigation by Alexander De Waal in his book Evil Days: Thirty Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia has found "more than half this mortality can be attributed to human rights abuses that caused the famine to come earlier, strike harder, and extend further than would otherwise have been the case." The military government is not only spent between $100 and $200 million to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the revolution while millions are starving, Mengistu's regime also attempted to impose customs duties on aid shipments.
Similarly during the 1973-1974 Wollo famine, attempts to hide the reality of the situation by the Imperial Feudal System caused 300,000 deaths. This particular famine was not a problem of food shortage in the country but lack of ability to access food. The Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture Report of 1972 stated that output for 1972-1973 was only 7% lower than the previous year. Also, food price in Wollo were no higher-often substantially lower-than elsewhere in the country. The problem was the poor just couldn't afford to buy. Meanwhile, Emperor Haile Selassie spend some $35 million to celebrate his eightieth birthday in 1973.
Unfortunately the trend of autocratic-led hunger has not changed under the current government either, if anything Meles's regime took it to the next level.
In 2004 Humanitarian Exchange Magazine exposed that disregarding experts advise that the situation in the country was very severe and does qualifies as a famine, the government of Ethiopia and USAID conspired to downplay the 2002-2004 food crisis as "localized famine" in fear of global media attention and political dangers for the EPRDF. The report states "the lack of classic famine images....facilitates further disengagement by the media and Western publics, even as large numbers of vulnerable people face destitution, malnutrition, morbidity and mortality."
Again 2010 in a report titled Development without Freedom: How Aid Underwrites Repression in Ethiopia, Human Right Watch extensively documented how the EPRDF is using development aid to suppress political dissent by conditioning access to essential safety net programs on support for the ruling party.
Today, once again the danger of another catastrophic famine is looming large on the horizon. Ongoing drought worsened by the El Niño global weather phenomenon has already caused deaths of many cattle and have put as many as 14 million people at risk.
After denying the problem for weeks; the government finally admitted to it but only to claim that it has enough food stock to tackle the problem. However, journalists on the ground has reported the government's grain reserve has run out long ago. According to Barrie Came, WFP representative, the food supply by the UN is also not enough to curb the problem.
The government also argues the country has already realized food security at a national level, that is to say we have enough food in the country to feed everyone. The inherent flaw in this argument is that the presence of food in the country doesn't necessarily mean those affected by drought will have access to it. As it was the case during the 1973 Wollo famine, when a crop fails it not only affects the food supply, it also destroys the employment and livelihood of farmers, denying them the ability to buy food from the market.
Reports have also shown that the government was informed of the risk of seasonal rain failure forecast as early as two months ago but it chose to keep it to itself. Had the government shared the information with the media and local governments to inform pastoralists to move their cattle near rivers or highlands, much of the animal loss would have been avoided and relief supports would have been delivered on time.
Democracy can effectively prevent famine
Why is the Ethiopia government acting so irresponsibly? The answer is simple - because there is no incentive for the government to work hard to avert famine. Amartya Sen argument related to absence of political incentives generated by election, multiparty politics and investigative journalism is also true in the case of Ethiopia.
The EPRDF led government has successfully wiped out all groups that might pose any form of threat to its power. Fresh from its 100% "election" victory, with very fragmented opposition parties, no civil society and no scope for uncensored public criticism, Hailemariam's regime don't have to suffer the political consequences of its failure to prevent famine.
If there were a democratic system to keep the government accountable, the state's response would have been much different. For instance, Botswana, like Ethiopia, is prone to drought but a democracy since its independence in 1966, Botswana never had a famine. Botswana's democratic government immediately deploys relief efforts during every drought, and even improves them from one drought to the next. Had the government in Botswana failed to undertake timely action, there would have been severe criticism and pressure from the opposition and maybe even bigger political cost in future elections. In contrast, the Ethiopian governments did not have to worry with those prospects.
Another Sen's key argument is information flow and free press - democracy contributes greatly to bring out information that can have an enormous impact on policies for famine prevention. If it weren't for the foreign media reporting and social media activists outcry, the government might have kept the current problem a secret for long and caused much greater damage than it already has. In Sen's words "free press and an active political opposition constitute the best early warning system a country threatened by famine can have"
If aid organizations comprehensively and immediately deploy humanitarian assistance, the current crisis could be impelled with minimal damage. However, the argument that famine in Ethiopia is caused by drought doesn't hold water anymore. Unless the problem is addressed from its roots, another famine is just a matter of time. For Ethiopia to truly achieve food security and avoid any dangers of famine in the future, nothing but building a democratic, transparent and accountable system is the solution.
Posted by Prof Muse Tegegne at 1:11 AM
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Ethiopia: Need for food aid surges | News24

Ethiopia: Need for food aid surges | News24: "Ethiopia: Need for food aid surges
2015-08-24 18:25

A displaced child by fighting in South Sudan is vaccinated at a refugee registration centre at the Pagak border crossing in Gambella, Ethiopia. (Zacharias Abubeker, AFP)
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Addis Ababa - The number of Ethiopians who will need food aid by the end of this year has surged by more than 1.5 million from earlier estimates due to failed rains, United Nations agencies said on Monday.

Ethiopia needs an extra $230m from donors to secure aid for a total of 4.5 million people now projected to require assistance this year, the Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), the World Food Programme (WFP) and the UN children's agency Unicef said in a statement.

The country of 96 million people is one of Africa's fastest-growing economies, but failed rains have devastating consequences for food supplies.

"The belg rains were much worse than the National Meteorology Agency predicted at the beginning of the year. Food insecurity increased and malnutrition rose as a result," said David Del Conte, UNOCHA's acting head of office in Ethiopia, referring to the short, seasonal rainy season that stretched from February to April.

Areas normally producing surplus food in the Horn of Africa country's central Oromia region were also affected by shortages, the statement said, adding lack of water had decreased livestock production and caused livestock deaths in other pastoralist areas.

Meteorologists have warned that the El Nino weather phenomenon, marked by a warming of sea-surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean, is now well established and continues to strengthen. Models indicate that sea-surface temperature anomalies in the central Pacific Ocean are set to climb to the highest in 19 years.

The El Nino can lead to scorching weather across Asia and east Africa but heavy rains and floods in South America.

The United Nations cautioned that the anomaly could further affect Ethiopia's "kiremt" rains that stretch from June to September.

"A failed belg followed by a poor kiremt season means that challenges could continue into next year," said John Aylieff, WFP's Ethiopia representative."



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Posted by Prof Muse Tegegne at 1:07 AM
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Thursday, August 13, 2015

Cattle dying as seasonal rains fail in parts of Ethiopia - US News

By ELIAS MESERET, Associated Press
ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia (AP) — Seasonal rains have failed to materialize in some parts of Ethiopia, causing deaths of many cattle and other animals, officials and residents said on Monday.
While the government is not calling the situation in parts of northern, northeastern and eastern Ethiopia a drought, the impact is taking a toll.
Adamu Kebede, a truck driver, told The Associated Press he has seen hundreds of cattle lying dead along the main road that stretches from the Addis Ababa to the Afar Region's capital, Semera. He said he has also seen dozens of trucks unloading emergency food aid.
The government said it is stockpiling food to prevent a shortage.
"The government has enough food stock and it is assisting farmers to continue their farming practices with improved seed items and drought-resistant crops," Wondimu Filate, a spokesman for the Agriculture Ministry, told AP.
Impacts of climate change often weigh heavily on Ethiopia's smallholder farmers.
Rain-fed agriculture is the primary driver of the Ethiopian economy, contributing to nearly 45 percent of the country's GDP and employing 85 percent of its population.
Copyright 2015 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Posted by Prof Muse Tegegne at 1:11 AM
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Monday, August 10, 2015

Cattle Dying as Seasonal Rains Fail in Parts of Ethiopia - ABC News


ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia — Aug 10, 2015, 6:51 AM ET
By ELIAS MESERET Associated Press
Associated Press
Seasonal rains have failed to materialize in some parts of Ethiopia, causing deaths of many cattle and other animals, officials and residents said on Monday.
While the government is not calling the situation in parts of northern, northeastern and eastern Ethiopia a drought, the impact is taking a toll.
Adamu Kebede, a truck driver, told The Associated Press he has seen hundreds of cattle lying dead along the main road that stretches from the Addis Ababa to the Afar Region's capital, Semera. He said he has also seen dozens of trucks unloading emergency food aid.
The government said it is stockpiling food to prevent a shortage.
"The government has enough food stock and it is assisting farmers to continue their farming practices with improved seed items and drought-resistant crops," Wondimu Filate, a spokesman for the Agriculture Ministry, told AP.
Impacts of climate change often weigh heavily on Ethiopia's smallholder farmers.
Rain-fed agriculture is the primary driver of the Ethiopian economy, contributing to nearly 45 percent of the country's GDP and employing 85 percent of its population.
Posted by Prof Muse Tegegne at 8:58 AM
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Sunday, August 9, 2015

Mystery disease, drought ravage Afar livestock in Ethiopia

Posted by Prof Muse Tegegne at 10:33 AM
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Prof Muse Tegegne
Prof. Muse Tegegne has lectured sociology Change &  Liberation  in Europe, Africa and Americas. He has obtained  Doctorat es Science from the University of Geneva.   A PhD in Developmental Studies & ND in Natural Therapies.  He wrote on the  problematic of  the Horn of  Africa extensively. He Speaks Amharic, Tigergna, Hebrew, English, French. He has a good comprehension of Arabic, Spanish and Italian.
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